The Indian state of Sikkim, tucked in the north-eastern Himalayas, is a nature lover’s paradise. Bounded by Nepal, Bhutan, and Tibet, its rugged and picturesque terrain is sculpted by towering snow-peaked mountains, deep valleys, cascading rivers, steaming hot springs, and serene lakes. Among these natural treasures, The Lakes of Sikkim stand out not only as sources of ecological significance but also as popular destinations that enchant travelers, pilgrims, and researchers alike.
Let’s explore some of the most Magnificent Lakes in Sikkim, their unique characteristics, and their contributions to the region's culture and ecology.
Chomalu Lake: The Highest Lake in India
Situated in the lofty heights of North Sikkim, Chomalu Lake also known as Cholamu or Tso Lhamo is a high-altitude wonder. Perched at an elevation of approximately 5,330 meters (17,487 feet) above sea level, it holds the distinction of being the highest lake in India and the 14th highest in the world.
- Origin and Geography: This glacial lake feeds the Lachen Chhu River, which eventually merges into the Teesta River system, nourishing the region.
- Ecosystem: Its crystal-clear waters attract migratory birds from as far as Russia, China, and other parts of India, turning it into a seasonal haven for avifauna.
- Access: Due to its proximity to the India-China border and the fragile ecosystem, access to Chomalu is limited and requires a special permit, preserving its mystique.
Gurudongmar Lake: The Sacred Mirror
Not far from Chomalu lies Gurudongmar Lake, one of the most revered and scenic lakes in India. Nestled at an altitude of about 5,183 meters (17,000+ feet)in North Sikkim, this lake is sacred to both Buddhists and Sikhs.
- Hydrology: It is fed by glacial melt and is one of the primary sources of the Teesta River.
- Size and Appearance: Spread over an area of 118 hectares with a shoreline of 5.34 kilometers, the lake once boasted transparent waters so clear that its lakebed could be seen. However, increased tourism and environmental stress have affected its clarity.
- Spiritual Significance: Legend holds that Guru Padmasambhava blessed the lake, ensuring that part of it never freezes, even in bitter cold.
Tsomgo Lake: The Tourist’s Delight
Known also as Changu Lake, Tsomgo Lakeis a glacial beauty located just 35 km from Gangtok, the capital of Sikkim. At an altitude of 3,753 meters, it's one of the most accessible and visited lakes in the state.
- Shape and Size: Oval in shape, the lake measures about 836 meters in length and 427 meters in width, with a depth of up to 15 meters.
- Attractions: Tourists can enjoy yak and mule rides along the lakeshore, or time their visit with the Guru Purnima festival, which is celebrated with great devotion near the lake.
- Biodiversity: Depending on the season, the lake hosts migratory birds like brahminy ducks and serves as a winter wonderland in the snow-covered months.
Khecheopalri Lake: The Wishing Lake
West Sikkim is home to the mystical Khecheopalri Lake, a spiritual gem about 34 km from Pelling. Revered by both Hindus and Buddhists, it is considered a wishing lake, with locals believing that birds prevent leaves from falling onto its surface.
- Geographic Profile:
- Surface Area: 3.79 hectares
- Catchment Area: 12 sq. km
- Depth: 7.2 meters
- Inlets and Ecology: It is fed by two perennial and five seasonal streams and harbors a rich variety of aquatic and avian life.
- Cultural Importance: Pilgrims offer prayers at the lake, and annual rituals like the Chho-Tsho festival draw large gatherings.
Ecological and Tourism Impact
The lakes in Sikkim are not merely geographical features—they are cradles of biodiversity, cultural icons, and essential sources of freshwater. However, the increase in tourism poses risks, including pollution, habitat disturbance, and changes in water quality.
Efforts by the state government, local communities, and ecotourism initiatives aim to strike a balance between promoting tourism and preserving natural heritage. Controlled access, eco-guides, and education are key tools in this endeavour.
Conclusion
Lakes in Sikkim are more than just tranquil stretches of water they are sacred sites, ecological niches, and vital parts of the state’s Tourism Economy. From the stark, windswept beauty of Chomalu to the prayerful serenity of Khecheopalri, each lake offers a different facet of Sikkim’s soul.