Nestled in the northern reaches of Sikkim, India, beneath the watchful gaze of the Khangchengyao Range, lies Gurudongmar Lake. This high-altitude freshwater lake, also known as Gurudogmar, holds the distinction of being one of the world's highest lakes and the second highest in Sikkim and India, after Cholamu Lake. More than just a geographical marvel, Gurudongmar Lake is a significant pilgrimage site revered by both Buddhists and Sikhs, its name echoing the legacy of Guru Padmasambhava, also known as Guru Rinpoche.
Historical texts, including Jigme Pawo's "The Pilgrim's Guide to The Hidden Land of Sikkim" and the Nay-Sol texts, identify Gurudongmar Lake as one of the 108 major holy lakes ("Tso-Chen") of Sikkim ("Denjong"). These lakes are believed to be the abodes of local guardian deities, with Gurudongmar holding particular significance. Legend recounts Guru Padmasambhava's visit to the lake in the 8th century, a journey marked as "Dongmar Shab Chakpa." Recognizing the lake's connection to Dorje Nyima, a sacred site in northern Sikkim, Padmasambhava addressed a critical issue faced by the local community. The lake's complete freezing during winter created a severe scarcity of drinking water. Through a miraculous gesture, the Guru placed his hands on a section of the lake, ensuring that it would remain unfrozen even in the harshest winter months, a testament to his compassion and power.
Beyond Buddhist traditions, Gurudongmar Lake also holds a place in Sikh history. It is believed that Guru Nanak, during his travels back from Tibet, also visited the lake. Witnessing the villagers' struggle with frozen water and their concerns about diminished virility due to the high altitude, Nanak, with a touch of his stick, created a perpetually unfrozen spot in the lake. Furthermore, he blessed the lake with the power to bestow virility and strength upon those who consumed its water. In recognition of his benevolence, both the lake and the surrounding hills became known as Gurudongmar.
Geographically, Gurudongmar Lake sits at an elevation of approximately 17,800 feet (5,430 meters). The thin air at this altitude necessitates that tourists limit their stay to about an hour to avoid altitude sickness. The lake itself spans an area of 118 hectares (290 acres), with a perimeter of 5.34 kilometers (3.32 miles). Its waters are fed by glaciers, making it a vital source of the Teesta River, which meanders through Sikkim, West Bengal, and Bangladesh before emptying into the Bay of Bengal. The lake beauty is enhanced by the surrounding snow-capped mountains, creating a breathtaking panorama.